You should start CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) immediately if someone is unresponsive and not breathing normally.
Here are the steps to follow:
- Check for responsiveness: Shake the person gently and shout loudly, “Are you okay?” Look for any response (movement, sound, or breathing).
- Call for help: If there is no response, or if the person is not breathing normally (gasping or not breathing at all), call emergency services (911 or your local emergency number) immediately. If someone is nearby, ask them to call while you start CPR.
- Start CPR: Position the person on their back on a firm surface. Here’s how to perform CPR:
- Chest compressions: Place the heel of one hand on the center of the person’s chest (between the nipples). Place your other hand on top of the first hand, interlocking your fingers. Position your body directly over your hands, with your arms straight. Push down hard and fast, at least 2 inches deep and at a rate of about 100-120 compressions per minute. Allow the chest to recoil completely after each compression.
- Rescue breaths: Tilt the person’s head back slightly, lift the chin, and pinch the nose closed. Give two rescue breaths, each lasting about one second. Watch for the chest to rise with each breath.
- Continue cycles of 30 compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths. Continue CPR until:
- Emergency help arrives and takes over.
- The person starts to show signs of life, such as breathing normally, coughing, or moving.
- You are too exhausted to continue (if another trained person can take over).
Remember, starting CPR immediately can significantly increase the chances of survival for someone experiencing cardiac arrest. Don’t hesitate to begin CPR even if you’re unsure—doing something is better than doing nothing.